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The Chinese Canadian community in the Greater Toronto Area was first established around 1877, with an initial population of two laundry owners. While the Chinese population was initially small in size, it dramatically grew beginning in the 1960s due to changes in immigration law and political issues in Hong Kong. Additional immigration from Southeast Asia in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and related conflicts and a late 20th century wave of Hong Kong immigration further established the Chinese in Toronto. The Chinese established many large shopping centres in suburban areas catering to their ethnic group. ==History== In 1877 the first Chinese persons had been recorded in the Toronto city directory; Sam Ching and Wo Kee were laundry business owners. Additional Chinese laundries opened in the next several years.〔Watson, p. (13 ) ((Archive )).〕 Toronto's earliest Chinese immigrants originated from rural communities of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, such as Taishan and Siyi,〔Levine, p. (19 ) ((Archive )).〕 and they had often arrived in the west coast of Canada before coming to Toronto. Many of them worked in small businesses, as merchants, and in working class jobs.〔Levine, p. (18 ) ((Archive )).〕 100 Chinese persons lived in Toronto in 1885.〔 - Cited: p. (31 ) ((Archive )).〕 The Chinese initially settled the York-Wellington area as Jews and other ethnic groups were moving out of that area. Several Toronto newspapers in the early 20th century expressed anti-Chinese sentiment through their editorials.〔Watson, p. (14 ) ((Archive )).〕 1,000 Chinese lived in Toronto by 1911.〔 In 1910 redevelopment of York-Wellington forced many Chinese to relocate from that area, with many going to the portion of Queen between Elizabeth and York.〔Watson, p. (15 ) ((Archive )).〕 less than ten years later redevelopment occurred again and the Chinese were again forced to move, with the main destination being former Jewish housing on Elizabeth Street; this area became the Toronto Chinatown and stabilized. The Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 stopped Chinese immigration inflow into Toronto, causing a decline in residents and businesses in the community.〔Watson, p. (16 ) ((Archive )).〕 The Great Depression augmented the decline in the Chinatown.〔Watson, p. (17 ) ((Archive )).〕 By the 1950s and 1960s ethnic Chinese who had English fluency continued to do ethnic shopping in Chinatown but began living in suburban areas. In addition many ethnic Chinese began studying in Toronto-area universities during those decades. Educated, English-fluent Chinese people came to Toronto after the Canadian government adopted point system criteria for immigration selection purposes in 1967; many of them worked skilled jobs and/or were well-educated.〔Lee, Fatima, "Food as an Ethnic Marker," p. (60 ) ((Archive )).〕 Many Hong Kongers arrived during the late 1960s and early 1970s due to the new points system and because of the Hong Kong 1967 Leftist riots.〔Luk, Bernard H. K., p. (48 ) ((Archive )).〕 Bernard H. K. Luk, author of "The Chinese Communities of Toronto: Their Languages and Mass Media," stated that until the 1970s the Toronto area pan-Chinese community "was small".〔Luk, Bernard H. K., p. (54 ) ((Archive )).〕 Vietnamese Chinese were among the people fleeing Vietnam after the Fall of Saigon in 1975. Many of them did not speak Vietnamese.〔McLellan, Janet (University of Toronto). "Vietnamese Buddhists in Toronto" (Chapter 4). In: McLellan, Janet. ''Many Petals of the Lotus: Five Asian Buddhist Communities in Toronto''. University of Toronto Press, 1999. ISBN 0802082254, 9780802082251. Start p. (101 ). CITED: p. (105 )-(106 ).〕 In general most ethnic Chinese originating from Southeast Asia were refugees.〔McLellan, "Chinese Buddhists in Toronto," p. (159 ).〕 Around 1980 Toronto's ethnic Chinese population became the largest in Canada. Until then, Vancouver had the largest ethnic Chinese population in Canada.〔Ng, Wing Chung. ''The Chinese in Vancouver, 1945-80: The Pursuit of Identity and Power'' (Contemporary Chinese Studies Series). UBC Press, November 1, 2011. ISBN 0774841583, 9780774841580. p. (7 ).〕 Many Hong Kongers immigrated to Toronto in the 1980s and 1990s, partly because of the impending 1997 Handover of Hong Kong; Canada had resumed allowing independent immigrants into the country in 1985 after a temporary suspension that began in 1982. The Chinese population of the Toronto area doubled between 1986 and 1991.〔Lee, Fatima, "Food as an Ethnic Marker," p. (61 ) ((Archive )). (Full page view ) ((Archive ))〕 Many of the new arrivals went to North York and Scarborough in then-Metropolitan Toronto and in Markham and Richmond Hill in York Region.〔Lee, Fatima, "Food as an Ethnic Marker," p. (63 ) ((Archive )).〕 The estimated total number of Hong Kongers who immigrated to the Toronto area from the 1960s to the 1990s was fewer than 200,000.〔 A total of 360,000 immigrants from China, most of them originating from Hong Kong, settled in the GTA in a period around 1979 through 1999.〔 Vivienne Poy wrote that by 1990 there were fears of ethnic Chinese expressed in Toronto area media.〔Poy, Vivienne. ''Passage to Promise Land: Voices of Chinese Immigrant Women to Canada''. McGill-Queen's Press (MQUP), Apr 1, 2013. ISBN 077358840X, 9780773588400. Google Books p. (PT22 ) (page unspecified).〕 In 1991 there were 240,000 ethnic Chinese in the Toronto area.〔 In 2000 Toronto continued to have the largest Chinese population in Canada.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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